Early Arrivals in Seismic Prospecting

Quantitative determination of uncertainties in seismic refraction prospecting

We present a model of the propagation of refracted seismic waves in planar (horizontal or dipping) layered structures in which we quantify the errors from various sources. The model, called the (mixed) variance component model, separates the errors originating on the surface from those due to inhomogeneities of subsurface layers. The model starts with the assumption of homogeneous (constant-vel...

The Amplitudes of Waves to Be Expected in Seismic Prospecting

A method of calculating the amplitudes of bodily waves in earthquakes is applied to a study of the amplitudes of longitudinal waves produced by an artificial explosion. Formulae are given for calculating the energy of the reflected longitudinal wave arriving at the surface. The percentage of energy reflected at a discontinuity increases rapidly after the angle of incidence exceeds the critical ...

Seismic Early Warning for Europe

Retrieval of Moho-reflected shear wave arrivals from ambient seismic noise

S U M M A R Y Theoretical studies on ambient seismic noise (ASN) predict that complete Green’s function between seismic stations can be retrieved from cross correlation. However, only fundamental mode surface waves emerge in most studies involving real data. Here we show that Mohoreflected body wave (SmS) and its multiples can be identified with ASN for station pairs near their critical distanc...

Seasonality in Tourism and Forecasting Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India

In the present age of globalization, technology-revolution and sustainable development, the presence of seasonality in tourist arrivals is considered as a key policy issue that affects the global tourism industry by creating instability in the demand and revenues. The seasonal component in a time-series distorts the prediction attempts for policy-making. In this context, it is quintessential to...